We present a flexible method that can calculate Bloch modes, complex bandstructures, and impedances of two-dimensional photonic crystals from scatteringdata produced by widely available numerical tools. The method generalizesprevious work which relied on specialized multipole and FEM techniquesunderpinning transfer matrix methods. We describe the numerical technique formode extraction, and apply it to calculate a complex band structure and todesign two photonic crystal antireflection coatings. We do this for frequenciesat which other methods fail, but which nevertheless are of significantpractical interest.
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